To run a command as administrator (user "root"), use "sudo <command>".
See "man sudo_root" for details.

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -I
fdisk: invalid option -- 'I'

Usage:
 fdisk [options] <disk>      change partition table
 fdisk [options] -l [<disk>] list partition table(s)

Display or manipulate a disk partition table.

Options:
 -b, --sector-size <size>      physical and logical sector size
 -c, --compatibility[=<mode>]  mode is 'dos' or 'nondos' (default)
 -L, --color[=<when>]          colorize output (auto, always or never)
                                 colors disabled by default
 -l, --list                    display partitions end exit
 -o, --output <list>           output columns
 -t, --type <type>             recognize specified partition table type only
 -u, --units[=<unit>]          display units: 'cylinders' or 'sectors' (default)
 -s, --getsz                   display device size in 512-byte sectors [DEPRECATED]
     --bytes                   print SIZE in bytes rather than in human readable format

 -C, --cylinders <number>      specify the number of cylinders
 -H, --heads <number>          specify the number of heads
 -S, --sectors <number>        specify the number of sectors per track

 -h, --help     display this help and exit
 -V, --version  output version information and exit

Available columns (for -o):
 gpt: Device Start End Sectors Size Type Type-UUID Attrs Name UUID
 dos: Device Start End Sectors Cylinders Size Type Id Attrs Boot End-C/H/S
      Start-C/H/S
 bsd: Slice Start End Sectors Cylinders Size Type Bsize Cpg Fsize
 sgi: Device Start End Sectors Cylinders Size Type Id Attrs
 sun: Device Start End Sectors Cylinders Size Type Id Flags

For more details see fdisk(8).
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -L

Usage:
 fdisk [options] <disk>      change partition table
 fdisk [options] -l [<disk>] list partition table(s)

Display or manipulate a disk partition table.

Options:
 -b, --sector-size <size>      physical and logical sector size
 -c, --compatibility[=<mode>]  mode is 'dos' or 'nondos' (default)
 -L, --color[=<when>]          colorize output (auto, always or never)
                                 colors disabled by default
 -l, --list                    display partitions end exit
 -o, --output <list>           output columns
 -t, --type <type>             recognize specified partition table type only
 -u, --units[=<unit>]          display units: 'cylinders' or 'sectors' (default)
 -s, --getsz                   display device size in 512-byte sectors [DEPRECATED]
     --bytes                   print SIZE in bytes rather than in human readable format

 -C, --cylinders <number>      specify the number of cylinders
 -H, --heads <number>          specify the number of heads
 -S, --sectors <number>        specify the number of sectors per track

 -h, --help     display this help and exit
 -V, --version  output version information and exit

Available columns (for -o):
 gpt: Device Start End Sectors Size Type Type-UUID Attrs Name UUID
 dos: Device Start End Sectors Cylinders Size Type Id Attrs Boot End-C/H/S Start-C/H/S
 bsd: Slice Start End Sectors Cylinders Size Type Bsize Cpg Fsize
 sgi: Device Start End Sectors Cylinders Size Type Id Attrs
 sun: Device Start End Sectors Cylinders Size Type Id Flags

For more details see fdisk(8).
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/ram0: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram1: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram2: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram3: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram4: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram5: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram6: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram7: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram8: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram9: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram10: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram11: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram12: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram13: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram14: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram15: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/loop0: 1.4 GiB, 1487929344 bytes, 2906112 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop1: 1.1 GiB, 1130688512 bytes, 2208376 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sda: 232.9 GiB, 250059350016 bytes, 488397168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x035e4384

Device     Boot     Start       End   Sectors   Size Id Type
/dev/sda1  *         2048 480010239 480008192 228.9G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2       480012286 488396799   8384514     4G  5 Extended
/dev/sda5       480012288 488396799   8384512     4G 82 Linux swap / Solaris


Disk /dev/sdb: 1.4 TiB, 1500301910016 bytes, 2930277168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x09f423e7

Device     Boot Start        End    Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1          63 2930272064 2930272002  1.4T  7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT




Disk /dev/sdc: 3.7 GiB, 3963617280 bytes, 7741440 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x20ac7dda

Device     Boot      Start        End    Sectors   Size Id Type
/dev/sdc1       3224498923 3657370039  432871117 206.4G  7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sdc2       3272020941 5225480974 1953460034 931.5G 16 Hidden FAT16
/dev/sdc3                0          0          0     0B 6f unknown
/dev/sdc4         50200576  974536369  924335794 440.8G  0 Empty

Partition table entries are not in disk order.
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ software-properties-gtk
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get update
Ign cdrom://Ubuntu 15.10 _Wily Werewolf_ - Release amd64 (20151021) wily InRelease
Ign cdrom://Ubuntu 15.10 _Wily Werewolf_ - Release amd64 (20151021) wily/main Translation-en_US  
Ign cdrom://Ubuntu 15.10 _Wily Werewolf_ - Release amd64 (20151021) wily/main Translation-en
Ign cdrom://Ubuntu 15.10 _Wily Werewolf_ - Release amd64 (20151021) wily/restricted Translation-en_US
Ign cdrom://Ubuntu 15.10 _Wily Werewolf_ - Release amd64 (20151021) wily/restricted Translation-en
Get:1 http://security.ubuntu.com wily-security InRelease [64.4 kB]        
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com wily InRelease [218 kB]                              
Get:3 http://security.ubuntu.com wily-security/main amd64 Packages [81.4 kB]
Get:4 http://security.ubuntu.com wily-security/restricted amd64 Packages [10.9 kB]
Get:5 http://security.ubuntu.com wily-security/universe amd64 Packages [36.6 kB] 
Get:6 http://security.ubuntu.com wily-security/multiverse amd64 Packages [5,856 B]
Get:7 http://security.ubuntu.com wily-security/main Translation-en [41.2 kB]     
Get:8 http://security.ubuntu.com wily-security/multiverse Translation-en [2,536 B]     
Get:9 http://security.ubuntu.com wily-security/restricted Translation-en [2,666 B]    
Get:10 http://security.ubuntu.com wily-security/universe Translation-en [24.2 kB]     
Get:11 http://archive.ubuntu.com wily-updates InRelease [64.4 kB]                         
Get:12 http://archive.ubuntu.com wily/main amd64 Packages [1,420 kB]
Get:13 http://archive.ubuntu.com wily/restricted amd64 Packages [15.6 kB]
Get:14 http://archive.ubuntu.com wily/universe amd64 Packages [6,704 kB]
Get:15 http://archive.ubuntu.com wily/multiverse amd64 Packages [138 kB]                                                                                                         
Get:16 http://archive.ubuntu.com wily/main Translation-en [839 kB]                                                                                                               
Get:17 http://archive.ubuntu.com wily/multiverse Translation-en [107 kB]                                                                                                         
Get:18 http://archive.ubuntu.com wily/restricted Translation-en [4,296 B]                                                                                                        
Get:19 http://archive.ubuntu.com wily/universe Translation-en [4,579 kB]                                                                                                         
Get:20 http://archive.ubuntu.com wily-updates/main amd64 Packages [113 kB]                                                                                                       
Get:21 http://archive.ubuntu.com wily-updates/restricted amd64 Packages [13.3 kB]                                                                                                
Get:22 http://archive.ubuntu.com wily-updates/universe amd64 Packages [51.3 kB]                                                                                                  
Get:23 http://archive.ubuntu.com wily-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages [5,856 B]                                                                                                
Get:24 http://archive.ubuntu.com wily-updates/main Translation-en [55.7 kB]                                                                                                      
Get:25 http://archive.ubuntu.com wily-updates/multiverse Translation-en [2,536 B]                                                                                                
Get:26 http://archive.ubuntu.com wily-updates/restricted Translation-en [3,024 B]                                                                                                
Get:27 http://archive.ubuntu.com wily-updates/universe Translation-en [32.8 kB]                                                                                                  
Fetched 14.6 MB in 27s (527 kB/s)                                                                                                                                                
Reading package lists... Done
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get install pastebinit
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  pastebinit
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 114 not upgraded.
Need to get 14.8 kB of archives.
After this operation, 168 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ wily/main pastebinit all 1.4-4 [14.8 kB]
Fetched 14.8 kB in 0s (27.8 kB/s)   
Selecting previously unselected package pastebinit.
(Reading database ... 182299 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../pastebinit_1.4-4_all.deb ...
Unpacking pastebinit (1.4-4) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.4-1) ...
Setting up pastebinit (1.4-4) ...
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ software-properties-gtk
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get update
Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com wily InRelease
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com wily-updates InRelease [64.4 kB]                                   
Get:2 http://security.ubuntu.com wily-security InRelease [64.4 kB]                    
Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com wily/main amd64 Packages                                
Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com wily/restricted amd64 Packages              
Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com wily/universe amd64 Packages                     
Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com wily/multiverse amd64 Packages                   
Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com wily/main Translation-en                         
Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com wily/multiverse Translation-en                   
Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com wily/restricted Translation-en   
Get:3 http://security.ubuntu.com wily-security/main amd64 Packages [81.4 kB]
Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com wily/universe Translation-en                  
Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com wily-updates/main amd64 Packages [113 kB]   
Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com wily-updates/restricted amd64 Packages [13.3 kB]                   
Get:6 http://security.ubuntu.com wily-security/restricted amd64 Packages [10.9 kB]        
Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com wily-updates/universe amd64 Packages [51.3 kB]                       
Get:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com wily-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages [5,856 B]          
Get:9 http://security.ubuntu.com wily-security/universe amd64 Packages [36.6 kB]          
Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com wily-updates/main Translation-en                            
Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com wily-updates/multiverse Translation-en
Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com wily-updates/restricted Translation-en
Get:10 http://security.ubuntu.com wily-security/multiverse amd64 Packages [5,856 B]
Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com wily-updates/universe Translation-en             
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com wily-security/main Translation-en   
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com wily-security/multiverse Translation-en
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com wily-security/restricted Translation-en
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com wily-security/universe Translation-en
Fetched 447 kB in 2s (187 kB/s)                
Reading package lists... Done
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get install pastebinit
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
pastebinit is already the newest version.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 114 not upgraded.
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ fsck -a /dev/sda1 
fsck from util-linux 2.26.2
fsck.ext2: Permission denied while trying to open /dev/sda1
You must have r/w access to the filesystem or be root
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fsck -a /dev/sda1
fsck from util-linux 2.26.2
/dev/sda1 contains a file system with errors, check forced.
/dev/sda1: Inodes that were part of a corrupted orphan linked list found.  

/dev/sda1: UNEXPECTED INCONSISTENCY; RUN fsck MANUALLY.
	(i.e., without -a or -p options)
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ fsck /dev/sda1 
fsck from util-linux 2.26.2
e2fsck 1.42.12 (29-Aug-2014)
fsck.ext2: Permission denied while trying to open /dev/sda1
You must have r/w access to the filesystem or be root
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fsck /dev/sda1 
fsck from util-linux 2.26.2
e2fsck 1.42.12 (29-Aug-2014)
/dev/sda1 contains a file system with errors, check forced.
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Inodes that were part of a corrupted orphan linked list found.  Fix<y>? yes
Inode 2497006 was part of the orphaned inode list.  FIXED.
Inode 2497369 was part of the orphaned inode list.  FIXED.
Inode 2497391 was part of the orphaned inode list.  FIXED.
Inode 2497437 was part of the orphaned inode list.  FIXED.
Inode 2497438 was part of the orphaned inode list.  FIXED.
Deleted inode 2497443 has zero dtime.  Fix<y>? yes
Inode 2497494 was part of the orphaned inode list.  FIXED.
Inode 2497607 was part of the orphaned inode list.  FIXED.
Inode 2497802 was part of the orphaned inode list.  FIXED.
Inode 2497832 was part of the orphaned inode list.  FIXED.
Inode 2497874 was part of the orphaned inode list.  FIXED.
Inode 2498221 was part of the orphaned inode list.  FIXED.
Inode 2498288 was part of the orphaned inode list.  FIXED.
Inode 2498354 was part of the orphaned inode list.  FIXED.
Inode 2498390 was part of the orphaned inode list.  FIXED.
Inode 2500260 was part of the orphaned inode list.  FIXED.
Inode 2502188 was part of the orphaned inode list.  FIXED.
Inode 2503520 was part of the orphaned inode list.  FIXED.
Inode 2505484 was part of the orphaned inode list.  FIXED.
Inode 2505850 was part of the orphaned inode list.  FIXED.
Inode 2505906 was part of the orphaned inode list.  FIXED.
Inode 2506737 was part of the orphaned inode list.  FIXED.
Inode 2506957 was part of the orphaned inode list.  FIXED.
Inode 8257554 was part of the orphaned inode list.  FIXED.
Inode 11403376 was part of the orphaned inode list.  FIXED.
Inode 11403527 was part of the orphaned inode list.  FIXED.
Inode 11403711 was part of the orphaned inode list.  FIXED.
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
Block bitmap differences:  -(10124588--10124596) -10186862 -(10211729--10211734) -(10214190--10214199) -(10221225--10221230) -(10298675--10298680) -(10308887--10308892) -10320970 -10327039 -(10329677--10329678) -(10329765--10329766) -10336596 -10338129 -(10353722--10353723) -(10353736--10353738) -(10353798--10353805) -(10365493--10365498) -11568222 -13696109 -(17878533--17878544) -45820790 -(45822649--45822654) -(45823508--45823513) -(45823564--45823569) -45823602 -(45849106--45849111)
Fix<y>? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #308 (17594, counted=17603).
Fix<y>? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #310 (7929, counted=7930).
Fix<y>? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #311 (25532, counted=25554).
Fix<y>? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #314 (27014, counted=27027).
Fix<y>? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #315 (23565, counted=23585).
Fix<y>? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #316 (16069, counted=16075).
Fix<y>? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #353 (29176, counted=29177).
Fix<y>? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #417 (6610, counted=6611).
Fix<y>? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #545 (19282, counted=19294).
Fix<y>? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #1398 (9399, counted=9419).
Fix<y>? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #1399 (9098, counted=9104).
Fix<y>? yes
Free blocks count wrong (54706403, counted=54650627).
Fix<y>? yes
Inode bitmap differences:  -2497006 -2497369 -2497391 -(2497437--2497438) -2497443 -2497494 -2497607 -2497802 -2497832 -2497874 -2498221 -2498288 -2498354 -2498390 -2500260 -2502188 -2503520 -2505484 -2505850 -2505906 -2506737 -2506957 -8257554 -11403376 -11403527 -11403711
Fix<y>? yes
Free inodes count wrong for group #304 (0, counted=15).
Fix<y>? yes
Free inodes count wrong for group #305 (1, counted=8).
Fix<y>? yes
Free inodes count wrong for group #306 (7295, counted=7296).
Fix<y>? yes
Free inodes count wrong for group #1008 (7104, counted=7105).
Fix<y>? yes
Free inodes count wrong for group #1392 (167, counted=170).
Fix<y>? yes
Free inodes count wrong (14596448, counted=14595649).
Fix<y>? yes
y
/dev/sda1: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED *****
/dev/sda1: 412095/15007744 files (0.2% non-contiguous), 5350397/60001024 blocks
yubuntu@ubuntu:~$